BOOK VII。 THE GREAT ANNOUNCENT。

BOOK VII。 THE GREAT ANNOUNCENT。

1. “The king speaks to the following effect：— ’Ho！ I de a great announcent to you， the princes of the ny States， and to you， the nagers of affairs。—Unpitied aI， and Heaven sends down calaties on House， without exercising the least delay。 It greatly occupies thoughts， that I， so very young， have inherited this illitable patriny， with its destinies and doins。 I have not displayed wisdo and let the people to tranquillity， and how ch less should I be able to reach the knowledge of the decree of Heaven！

THE NA OF THE BOOK。—大誥， ’The Great Announcent，’ At the coencent of the first paragraph， these two characters，—大誥，—occur， and they are thence taken and de the na of the Book。Gan-kw?， indeed， says that the Book sets forth great doctrines for the infortion of the eire， and thence it received its na （陳大道以誥天下， 故以名篇）。 But we look in vain for any ’great doctrines’ in the Book。The ergency which called the announcent forth was sufficiently iortant to justify the duke of Chow in calling it ’great’。 We need not look for any lighter or deeper aning in the title。 The Book is found in both the texts。

CONTENTS； DATE； AND STYLE。 The prefatory note says， ’When king Woo had deceased， the three overseers and the wild tribes of the Hwae rebelled。The duke of Chow acted as pri nister to king Ching； and having purposed to snake an end of the House of Yin， he de ”The Great Announcent“。’This sets forth the occasion on which the address was coosed， but when we co to look at the contents，we find very little appropriate， according to our views，to the circutances。 The young eeror speaks of the responsibility lying on hito intain the eire gained by the virtues and prowess of his father， and of the senseless vents of the House of Yin to regain its suprecy； he colains of the reluctance of ny of the princes and high officers to second hiin putting down the revolt； and proclai with painful reiteration the support and assurances of success which he has received frothe divining tortoise-shells。 The three overseers are not ntioned， though we y find an allusion or two to the The whole tone is feeble。I have divided， it will be seen， the 15 paragraphs in which it is now generally edited into five chapters。

The date of the announcent is general referred to the third year of Ching B。C。， 1112. But such an arrangent of events supposes the duke of Chow’s residence in the east， spoken of in the last Book， to have been a voluntary exile， and that this expedition against Yin was undertaken after he returned in the nner described。 But I saw reason to understand the sojourning in the east as a description of this very expedition， and that the return ntioned was on its successful ternation。 On this view the announcent was de in the first or second year of Ching， and the expedition was finished in the third year。 On that point，—the date of the extinction of Woo-kǎng and his revolt， there is an agreent。

The style of the Book ls about as difficult as that of ’the Pwan-kǎng’。 ’We y doubt，’ says Wang Ganshih， ’whether parts have hot been lost， and other parts have not fallen out of their proper place。 Our plan is to let alone what we cannot understand， and to explain what we find ourselves able to do’。 ’It is difficult，’ says Choo He， ’to point the Book。 The sentences are very long and students generally try to break theup into shorter ones， which kes the interpretation re difficult still。’

Ch。 I。 Pp。 1， 2. NOTWITHSTANDING HIS YOUTH AND INCOETENCIES， THE KING FEELS BOUND， BY HIS DUTY TO HIS FATHERS AND TO HEAVEN， TO DO HIS UTST TO PUT DOWN THE REVOLT WHICH WAS THREATENING THE RECENTLY ACQUIRED EIRE。 1. 王若曰，—those are the words of the duke of Chow， spoken by hias regent of the eire， and in the na of the young king。 We are not to suppose indeed that Ching had anything to do with the announcent。 Doubting the duke’s loyalty， he would not have sent hito attack his other uncles； but the duke acted as the great duties of his position required hito do， and would not allow the safety of the dynasty to be perilled by weak scruples。 At the sa ti it was right that his address should appear as in the na of the king。 There was no other king but Ching， and no other is intended by王throughout the Book。 K’ang-shing， however， says that by王we should understand the duke hielf。 His words are：—王， 周公也， 周公居攝命大事， 則權稱王， ’The king is the duke of Chow。 He was regent of the eire， and in giving charge about such great affairs， in the exigency of the circutances， he called hielf the king。’ Keang-shing， ng-shing， and other opponents of ’the false K’ung’ adopt this view， and the ingenuity with which they argue for it is asing； but it is too absurd to justify our entering into an exanation of their argunts。 Co。 the 王若曰 in the Pwan-Kǎng， Pt。 i。， 16； and often in several of the Books of Chow that follow。 猷大誥爾多邦，—猷 appears to have co into use， under the Chow dynasty， as an exclation， like the 諮 of the ’Canon of Yaou’。 I do not see what other aning can be given to it here， or in the next Bk。， p。 1； et al。 Here Yung and others in the Han dynasty read it after誥，—大誥猷爾， 云云，—and explained it by 道。 Gankw? even atteted to give it the sa aning in its place at the beginning of the sentence：—周公稱王命， 順大道， 以誥天下， 云云。 But this is exceedingly harsh and unnatural。 Lin Che-k’e was the first， so far as I have ascertained， who explained the teras an exclation。 It is a pity that this aning of it does not appear in the dictionary。 爾多邦=爾在外多邦之諸侯。

越爾御事，—see the ’Great Speech’， Pt。 i。， p。 2. 弗吊，—吊 （read teaou）=恤， ’to pity’， as in the She King，Pt。 III。， Bk。 III。， Ode。 X。， st。 5. In the ’Pwan-kang’， Pt。 iii。， 7， it was read teih， with the aning of 至， ’to co to’， i。e。， to reach the rk of goodness； and so Gan-kw? took it， and Keang Shing takes it， but with different relations to the rest of the sentences；—see the 註疏 and the 尚書集註音疏。 Ts’ae expands the phrase as in the translation：—我不為天所恤。 天降割於我家，不少延，—割=害， ’injuries’， ’calaties’。 ’Heaven sends down calaties on House，’—this has reference especially to the early death of king Woo； and we y include also the present troubles occasioned by the revolt in Yin。 不少延，—’without a little delay’。 Blow was following on blow in quick succession。 Gan-kw?put a stop at 少， and carried 延 to the next sentence。Of this construction I shall speak on the next clause。K’ang-shing pointed as in the text and interpreted 不少延 as= ’not few and prolonged’。 延 y certainly be thus taken as=長； but the whole phrase 不小延 is re naturally construed as I have done in the translation，following Ts’ae and other Sung critics。 洪惟=大思， ’I greatly think’。

2. ’Yes， I who an but a little child ain the position of one who has to cross a deep water；—it st be ne to go and seek how to cross over。 I st diffuse the elegant institutioins of predecessor， and augnt the appointnt which he received froeaven；—so shall I be not forgetful of his great work。Nor shall I dare to restrain the jesty of Heaven seen in the infiictions it sends down。

Gan-kw?， I have just said， began this clause with 延， and his coent on 延惟我幼沖人 is—兇害延大， 惟累我幼童人， 成王言其不可不誅之意， ’The calaties are so protracted and great that they involve whoaso young；—the king’s aning is that there was nothing for hibut to cut off the crinals。’ This is very far-fetched， and st be rejected。

嗣無疆大曆服，—歷 is defined as=數， ’fate’， ’destiny’。Woo Ch’ing says：—歷=天之歷數。 服= ’doins’。 Ts’ae says—五服， ’the five doins’； but they were re than ’five’ under the Chow dynasty。 Nearly all the critics define 服 by 事， and then expand it into sothing like 服王事； but Ts’ae’s aning is ch siler。 弗造哲， 迪民康，—on this Gan-kw? has—不能為造智道以安人， ’I have not t with （=found），intelligent n to lead the people to repose。’ Better than either， Woo Ch’ing read 造 with an aspirate，= ’to go to’， ’to arrive at’； and says：—弗能造於明哲以導民於安， ’I have not attained to wisdo so as to conduct the people to tranquillity。’ So I take the words。 矧曰，云云，—I take 格 here with Gan-kw? as=至， ’to reach to’。 I do not know what the young king， or rather the duke of Chow， had in view by 天命， ’the decree or appointnt of Heaven，’ nor can I discern the bearing of the whole clause on the rest of the announcent。 Perhaps a glise of light is afforded by Kin Le-ts’?ang， who says：—此言成王以幼衝嗣位， 流言展轉，而事變如此， 未能上測天意如何， 以起下文求濟卜筮之意， ’This speaks of how king Ching， inheriting the throne at so early an age， with the baseless ruursgoing about， and such changes of events occurring， was unable to fathowhat ght be the nd of Heaven， in order to introduce what is said below about his seeking how to cross over his difficulties， and the intitions afforded by divination；’—see the 集說。 2. 已 is used， acc。 to Ts’ae， as a continuative particle， indicating that though the speaker had co to a pause， yet he st go on expressing his sentints （巳，承上語辭， 已而有不能已之意）。 Our ’Yes’ corresponds to it。

予惟至攸濟，—’this’， says Gan-kw?， ’expresses the king’s awe’ （言祗懼）。 He ght have said—’awe and perplexity’。 敷賁， 敷前人受命，—the forr clause expresses the young king’s apprehensive perplexity； this see to express what under all circutances he felt in incuent upon hito do。 The language however， is difficult to construe and interpret。 Lin Che-k’e says：—’Gan-kw? read 賁 fun， as in the ”Pwan-kǎng“， Pt。 iii。， 7， and with the sa signif。 of great， and gave the aning—’I will spread and practice great principles， so spreading and displaying the appointnt received by Wǎn and Woo。’ But the text only says 敷賁， and to ke that= ’I will display great principles’ is wide of the rk and forced。 Soo and Lin Tsze-hwuy （林子晦） read the character pe， with the aning of ’to adorn’ （飾； as in the ’Announcent of T’ang’， p。 5）。

。stnev sselesnes tneserp eht evah ew ylgnidroccA 。llits eb ton dluow elpoep nretsew eht taht dna ，tsew eht fo noiger eht ni elbuort taerg eb dluow ereht taht dlot ti dna ，ti detlusnoc I 。nevaeH fo ecnegilletni eht htiw noitcennoc otni gnirb ot ，esiotrot suoicerp tareg eht ot tfel gnik gnizilliuqnarT ehT’ .3

。sbrev evitisnart gniwollof ylralis ，erofeb ti htiw t evah ew tub；gnixelprep rehtar si ，閉 gniwollof ，於 eht tsniaga rehtar ti etucexe tub ，ti niartser ton dluow eh ；esruoc sti ekat nevaeH fo ecitsuj eht tel dluow eH 。tlover sih niih gnidia lla dna gnǎk-ooW hsinup ot ytud sih saw ti woh setitni gnik eht esualc siht ni—云云，敢不子 。op-gnuT ooS fo taht si hcihw ，ea’sT fo weiv eht swollof ylis noitalsnart ehT 。gnina sti xif ot sevlesruo yraew ton deen ew dna ，di si txet eht taht eht fo yna naht retteb ，syas hihs-naG gnaW 。sih sa raelc gnieborf raf sa era tuo gnirb yeht sgnina eht tub ；?wk-naGorf yltnereffideht yb deterpretni dna decnuonorp htob suht si 賁 retcarahc ehT “。erie eht ot tnanro trai ot ，snoitutitsni eht etartsulli dna etavitluc lliw I—si gnina ehT” ，syas yuwh-ezsT niL elihw “，tir rieht tegrof ton dna ，srossecederp yb deviecer tntnioppa eht dnetxe dna nroda ot eb ts esuffid I tahW”—deterpretni neht ooS

。c;pma& ，。c;pma& ’，esiotrot eht desu tubeht laecnoc ot erad ton did I ， no srorret sti nwod gnidnes saw nevaeH nehW’—：功大 htiw hpargarap a desolc gnivah ，gnidecerp esualc eht fo weiv siht sevig dna ，hihs-naG htiw stniop ，revewoh ，gni’hC ooW。rets sih naht rehtar ，gnu’K owt eht wollof ot esohc ea’sT tniop siht nI 。錄附 eht ees—；noitcurtsnoc siht fo devorppa eH oohC dna ，云云 ，王寧—swollof tahw htiw 用 daer dna ，威 ta pots a tup hihs-naG gnaW

。gnirps eht ni ’，tuoba gnilggirw ，gniv stcesni’，蟲蠢= 。gnik eht fo sdrow eht niaga era eseht—，蠢茲越 ’。essop erecniv sonoR ，adicaE ，et oiA’ eht htiw ti eraoc y eW 。tsew eht fo esoht ekil saw elcaroeht dna ，tbuod a fo noitulos eht naht rehtar ，ycehporp a ，nees eb lliw ti ，saw sihT 。矣告豫已兆 ，時之然晏土西是 ，靜安得不 ，命奔於疲 ，人之土西使 ，土西於事之難艱大有將 ，叛而起侯諸方東日異 ，曰命即—：ticilpxe suht neeb dah elcaro eht fi sa txet eht sesarhparap’noitanalpxE yliaD’ ehT 。tsew eht elbuort ot no tnew ylirassecen yeht tub ，tsae eht ni deedni esora selbuort eht taht gniyas yb devlos si ytluciffid sihT 。delbuort eb dluow tsew eht taht saw elcaro eht dna ，tsae eht ni esora selbuort ehT 。lacitgine yltneiciffus si ylper tahT 。deviecer saw hcihw ylper eht secudortni dna ，llehs-esiotrot eht yb noitanivid eht no yletaidei swollof 曰 。hsrah ylbarelotni ot si noitcurtsnoc sihT 。’syas osla gnik ehT’ =曰 dna ，sesaec esiotrot eht ot ecnerefer lla it a rof neht dna ’；noitcurtsni sti deviecer dna ，ti detlusnoc evah I’ ih htiw si 命即 。hpargarap wen a ecneoc 曰 eht sek deedni?wk-naG 。noitanivid ehtorf deniatbo tluser eht ro，esiotrot eht fo ylper eht sa nekat eb ot si siht—，靜不至大有曰 .8 。p ，kooB tsal eht ni esarhp as eht ekil desu si 命即 ！wohC fo ekud eht fo feileb eht saw siht dnA 。nevaeH fo dn eht dna n fo dn eht neewtebuid noitcennoc a saw llehs-esiotrot eht taht ereh dlot era ew ytiraliS 。紹介 dellac erew noitcnuf rieht dna yehT 。ecnirp eht dnaeht neewteb tnew dna eht deviecer ohw sreciffo dna stnadnetta eht erew ereht truoc ta srotisiv fo noitpecer dnarg a tA 。’tsnart dna eunitnoc ot’ ，繼=紹—，明天紹 。rehtaf s’gnihC ，ooW gnik fo tehtipe eht terpretni ew taht senreted 8 。rap ni 考寧 esarhp eht tub ；dednetni si nǎW gnik taht syas ?wk-naG 。’gnik gnizilliuqnarT eht’—，王寧 .3 。ECNEDIFNOC HTIW DRAWROF OG EROFEREHT THG YEHT IH NOITROPPUS EREW ELPOEP EHT FO TSELBA DNA TSEB EHT FO YN 。NOITIDEPXE TNESERP EHT NOIH DERUSSA WON YEHT DNA ，SELBUORT GNOC EHT FO GNIK EHT DROFNI DAH SNOITANIVID EHT .6—3 。pP 。II 。hC

。niaga yrotirret redrob a wohC fo etatS ruo ek ot sehsiw eh os dna ；“ynirtap revocer lliw I” —syas eh ，liuqnart ton era elpoep eht taht dna odgnik ruo ni slive eht fo gniwonk tey，esuoH sih no srorret sti nwod tnes nevaeH hguohT。enil nekorb sti dnah ni ekat ot serad yltaerg ecnirpsti ，si niY fo ytirepsorp tneserp eht sa elttiL’ .4

。rehtaf fo snalp eht etauteprep ot dna ytilliuqnart erotser ot drawrof og ot pleh ot deraeppa elpoep eht gna htrow fo n net ，retfa yad eht dna ，tnev sselesnes a saw ereht yad enO’ .5

。云云敢故 ，安不心民 ，隙疵叔三有國我知庚武亦然 ，殷於威降天雖是—yb ，evoba detouq ，esualc suoiverp eht fo noisnapxe sih swollof ohw ，ea’sT yb nevig si noitalsnart eht ni sraeppa hcihw gnina ehT 。yaw siht ni deurtsnoc evah ts ew 天eht erofeb neeb dah 知 eht fI 。gnihS gna?K dna gni’hC ooW yb osla nekat si weiv as ehT 。ooW gnik fo htaed eht no ylkciuq os gniwollof ，srehtorb sih yb taolf no tes wohC fo ekud eht tuoba sruur eht ot ecnerefer laiceps htiw ，esuoH lairei eht fo selbuort eht fo 威降天 dootsrednu sreterpretni dlo eht llA 。緒之亡既其紀大敢乃—si ，ea’sT yb dednapxe sa ，esualc ehT 。’enil’ drow ruo sa snoitacilppa lacirohpat as eht htiw dna ，’enil a’ ，’daerht a’ neht ’；daerht fo llab a fo ro ，noococ a fo dne eht’ ，緒=sa nekat si ti ，紀 fo 。tvog eht rednu gnieb ，ereH 。’knar a’ ，’seires a’ ，neht ’；redro ni ecalp ot’ ，’egnarra ot’—，敘 。txet eht fo noitaterpretni eht otret eht fo gnina siht gnirb ot tsrif eht saw op-gnuT .6 。p ，’eniW tuoba tnecnuonnA’ eht ni酒用致腆洗自 eraoC 。ereh gnina tcerroc eht tbuod on si hcihw ，ti rof ’gnihsiruolf’ ，’suorepsorp’ ，厚sevig ea’sT ！odnecul non a sucul ekil ，gnihs-gnaK fo 小 eht seifitsuj siht syas gnihs-gn dna ’；hc ro yn’ ，多yb ti denifed 文說 ehT 。’niY fo telecnirp lls siht’ =腆小殷 taht os ，主=ti ed huS gnaW’。deniatta elttil tub sah ohw ，niY’ ylbaborp gnina ，至=ti ed gnuY 。as eht did gnihs-gna’K dna ，小=sa ti koot ?wk-naG 。scitirc eht dexev ylsuolevr sah 腆 siht—，腆小殷 。gnǎk-ooW fo tliug ehT .4 。’tnenitrei’ ，’yllis’ fo esnes eht ni desu netfo si tI

。業殷復將我=復予 ih ot osla 我 eht refer tonnac ew tub ，gnikaeps fleih gnǎk-ooW si 予 。noitalsnart eht ni sa ，而 ylppus neht dna ，復 ta pots a tup ts ew—，邦周我鄙反復予

。devired si txet eht ni ti ot nevig noitacifingis eht hcihworf ’secart’ ，’spetstoof’ ，跡 rof osla dna，’tneveihca ro sseworp yratil’ rof desu si 武【。’eunitnoc ot’ ，繼=武 。gnahS fo yrtnuoc eht elttes dnaehtoos ot’ ，邦商定=，rehtegot og 寧敉 ；’ezilliuqnart ot’ ，’ehtoos ot’ ，=敉—，功圖武寧敉 。云云 ，往以我輔，夫十者賢之民 ，日明之今 ，蠢庚武今—：esualc eht sdnapxe ea’sT 。drawrof oc dah yeht hcihw htiw edutitorp eht etacidni ，日翼今 ，蠢今 ehT 。wohC fo ytsanyd eht ot tnhcatta rieht sserpxe ot drawrof neeb dah ohw niod lairei eht fo n erew yeht esoppus I 。ylekil ton si sihT 。’yrotirret snoilleber eht ni n gniees-raf dna layol’ ，niY ot degnoleb yeht desoppus ?wk-naG 。wonk ton od ew ，erew ’htrow fo n net’ eht ohW 。’og ot’ ，往=於 ；）gnina as eht htiw tub ，義 daer gnihS gna?K .7 。p ，’hiesT dna hiY’eht 。oc（ 賢=獻—，於以至蠢今 .5 。brev a fo ecrof eht ereh sah tI 。’nwot redrob a’ ，’redrob a’ rof desu si 鄙

。noititni elbaruovaf a tog syawla dna denivid evah I rof ，eussi lufsseccus a evah lliw ni gnigagnea I ssenisub taerg ehT

。niY fo sretsin detropsnart dna dnobagav esoht hsinup dna ，setatS eht llaorf uoy htiw drawrof og won lliw I 。snoitanivid ot ylper elbaruovaf a deniatbo evah I—，sriaffa fo sregan eht dna ，sreciffo ，stntraped fo srotcerid eht ，uoy dna ，setatS yldneirf fo secnirp eht ，uoy llet I eroferehT’ .6

，gniyas ， no troser lla ，sriaffa fo sregan dna sreciffo suoirav eht uoy dna，setatS suoirav eht fo secnirp eht uoy ，won dnA” .7

。yratneoc s’gni’hC ooW ni dna，疏註 eht ni nees eb y sweiv rehtO 。ti ni srucnoc gnihS gnaeK dna ，ea’sT yb nevig si esualc eht fo noitcurtsnoc sihT 。功之圖所王武嗣繼=功圖武 】。eno ni decselaoc evah tcnitsid yllanigird rof woh gniwohs dna ，yrotsih sti gnicart yb evlos y rehpargocixeL a hcihw seirets eht fo eno si tnereffid os snoitacifingis evah ot soc retcarahc as eht woH

。’sanrus lareves eht fo ，srotcerid eht’—gniyas yb 氏 eht fo gnina eht tuo gnirb thg eW .3 。p ，。IIXX 。kB fo尹百 eht eraoC 。’sreciffo taerg dna selbon’ ，夫大卿eht erew yeht syas ?wk-naG 。’stntraped lairetsig suoirav eht fo sdaeh eht’ ，正之庶=’，srotcerid ro sronrevog eht’ ，氏尹 。’erofereht’ ，故=肆—，事至予肆 .6 。ssergorp ni saw hcihw noitidepxe eht ot ecnerefer htiw saw siht ；flesti delaever dah noilleber eht erofeb，reilrae saw tahT .2 。rap ni denoitn taht sa as eht saw gninivid siht taht esoppus ot ton era eW 。也吉並而三卜朕以 ，者休事戎有我知—：suht esualc eht fo strap owt eht fo noitcennoc eht sevig ea’sT .42 。p ，’nalP taerG’ eht ees—；tluser yppah a dloterof lla ，llehs eno eht fo noititni dloheerht eht deterpretni ro ，sllehs eerht eht htiw detarepo dah ohw ’n eerht’eht dna ；dedivid dah gnik ehT 。’ykcul era rehtegotlla’—，吉並 。）戎與祀在 ，事大之國（ ’，raw dna decifircas era etatS a fo ”sriaffa taerg“ eht’ taht 傳左 eht ni dias si tI 。htiw dedeecorp eb ot tuoba noitidepxe ekilraw eht ot gnirrefer ，’riaffa taerg’ ，事大—，云云 ，有我

eht gnibircsed os rof dnuorg a droffa ot noitidnocrieht fo secnatucric eht ni hguone saw erehT。egaugnal suoutetnoc siht yb dednetni era ih htiw deunitnoc ohw ，esuoH sih fo stnerehda dlo eht dna gnǎk-ooW 。’sretsin derettacs dednocsba eht’—，臣播逋 。往=，。rap tsal eht ni sa ，於—，云云 ，卜吉得予

。ylper s’gnik eht fo noitrop a eb ot tser eht lla tuo sek dna ，sdrow rieht sa ’，taerg eb lliw seitluciffid eht’ ，大艱 ylno sekat ，deedni ，?wk-naG 。stnetnocl eht fo egaugnal eht sa nekat eb ot si 。rap eht fo tser eht llAret eht ni denioc ereh era saedi owt ehT 。’ylper ot’，復=ylis sa 反 ekat dluow gnihS gnaeK 。’sweiv esoppo lla’ ，意之我反不無—syas gnihs-gna’K 。’troser ton seod ohw eno ton si ereht’—，反不罔 。noitidepxe eht nodnaba dna ，selcaro eht ot yrartnoc og ot sreciffo dna secnirp eht fo lasoporp ehT .7 。SNOITANIVID EHT OT YRARTNOC OG OT LASOPORP RIEHT OT SEILPER DNA ，NOITIDEPXE EHT OTIH HTIW DRAWROF OG OT SRECIFFO DNA SECNIRP EHT FO ECNATCULER EHT FO SNIALOC GNIK EHT .9—7 。pP 。III 。hC

？noitanivid eht ot yrartnoc og ton ytsej ruoy seod yhW 。desivda-lli noitidepxe eht kniht ，llew sa n tnerever dlo eht dna ，seno elttil ，eW。etatS delbuort eht fo secnirp esoht fo snoisn eht ni dna ，ecalap s’gnik eht ni yllaer ecruos sti sah llits ton era elpoep eht taht dna ，taerg eb lliw spihsdrah ehT“